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from: nikkuska
Madagascar, officially theRepublic of Madagascar (Malagasy: Repoblikan'i Madagasikara; French: République de Madagascar) and previously known as theMalagasy Republic,
is an island country in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of Southeast Africa. The nation comprises the island of Madagascar (the fourth-largest island in the world), as well as numerous smaller peripheral islands. Following the prehistoric breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana, Madagascar split from India around 88 million years ago, allowing native plants and animals to evolve in relative isolation. Consequently, Madagascar is a biodiversity hotspot; over 90 percent of its wildlife is found nowhere else on Earth. The island's diverse ecosystems and unique wildlife are threatened by the encroachment of the rapidly growing human population. Initial human settlement of Madagascar occurred between 350 BC and 550 AD by Austronesian peoples arriving on outrigger canoes from Borneo. These were joined around 1000 CE by Bantu migrants crossing the Mozambique Channel.
é um país africano que compreende a Ilha de Madagáscar e algumas ilhas próximas. Está situado ao largo da costa de Moçambique, da qual está separado pelo Canal de Moçambique. Os vizinhos mais próximos de Madagáscar são a possessão francesa de Mayotte, a noroeste, a possessão francesa da Reunião, a leste, e as suas dependências Ilhas Gloriosas (noroeste), Ilha de João da Nova (oeste), Bassas da Índia e Ilha Europa (sudoeste) e Tromelin (leste), as Comores a noroeste e as Seychelles a norte. Sua capital é a cidade de Antananarivo. Madagáscar foi colonizada por malaio-polinésios há dois mil anos, recebendo depois imigrantes árabes e africanos. Os portugueses foram os primeiros europeus a chegar à ilha, em 1500, quando o navegador Diogo Dias baptizou a ilha de São Lourenço.
Capital / Capital Antananarivo Oficial Languages / Língua Oficial Malagasy / French Ethnics Groups / Grupos Étinicos 26,0 % Merina 15,0 % Betsimisaraka 12,0 % Betsileo 7,0 % Tsimihety 6,0 % Sakalava 5,0 % Antaisaka 5,0 % Antadroy 24,0 Others Currency / Moeda Malagasy Ariary