Bulgaria , officially the Republic of Bulgaria (Bulgarian: Република България, IPA: [rɛˈpublika bɤ̞ɫˈɡarijɐ]),
is a country located in Southeastern Europe. It is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west,Greece and Turkey to the south, and the Black Sea to the east. With a territory of 110,994 square kilometres (42,855 sq mi), Bulgaria is Europe's 14th-largest country.
Organised Prehistoric cultures began developing on Bulgarian lands during the Neolithic period. Its ancient history saw the presence of theThracians, and lather the Greeks and Romans. The emergence of a unified Bulgarian state dates back to the establishment of the First Bulgarian Empire in 681 CE, which dominated most of the Balkans and functioned as a cultural hub for Slavic peoples during the Middle Ages. With the downfall of the Second Bulgarian Empire in 1396, its territories came under Ottoman rule for nearly five centuries. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 led to the formation of the Third Bulgarian State
A Bulgária recuperou sua independência em 1878, como um Principado Autônomo, e sua independência total foi proclamada em 1908.
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